Learning Resource

How Do Scientists Measure Earthquakes? | Scales Explained

Scientists measure earthquakes using seismographs that record ground motion, then calculate size using the Moment Magnitude scale rather than Richter. The ground beneath us is constantly shifting. Most of these movements are too small to feel, but some release enough energy to reshape landscapes and damage cities. Understanding exactly how we track these events helps

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How Do Scientists Classify Galaxies? | The Hubble Scheme

Scientists primarily classify galaxies by visual morphology—spiral, elliptical, or irregular—using the Hubble Tuning Fork system to organize cosmic shapes based on structure and star age. The universe contains billions of galaxies, each holding millions or billions of stars. When astronomers first began mapping the deep sky, they noticed that these massive structures didn’t all look

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